The oil industry needs to create a safety organization modeled on one that has improved operations at nuclear-power plants the co-chairman of a presidential commission investigating the Gulf of Mexico spill said.
William K. Reilly a Republican and former administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency under the first President Bush said an organization modeled on "Inpo"—the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations—wouldn't be a substitute for stronger federal oversight but could "create the safety culture that's needed" in offshore drilling.
Associated Press A shuttered nuclear power plant on Three Mile Island Pennsylvania in 1979.
Atlanta-based Inpo was created in 1979 following the nuclear accident at the Three Mile Island plant in Pennsylvania. Today its inspection teams conduct regular evaluations of nuclear plants and assess training programs. It is credited with improving plant safety and performance. A nonprofit corporation it is funded by $100 million a year in industry fees.
Mr. Reilly's comments came as the White House completed naming the panel members charged with evaluating the oil-rig disaster that took 11 lives in the Gulf of Mexico. The panel will have six months to analyze the accident and make recommendations.
Democrat Bob Graham a former U.S. senator and governor from Florida will be co-chairman of the panel with Mr. Reilly.
They will be joined by Frances Beinecke president of the Natural Resources Defense Council; Donald Boesch president of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science; Terry D. Garcia executive vice president of the National Geographic Society; Cherry Murray dean of the Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences; and Fran Ulmer chancellor of the University of Alaska.
Those who served on similar commissions including investigations into the Three Mile Island nuclear-plant accident in 1979 and the Space Shuttle Challenger explosion in 1986 expect to see similarities in the causes of the accident: an over-reliance on complicated technology that fails human error and lax oversight by regulators.
"I hear echoes of the earlier disasters because the technology once again is monumental and complex," said Carolyn Lewis retired associate dean of the Graduate School of Journalism at Columbia University who served on the Three Mile Island panel.
As with the Gulf spill Three Mile Island relied on technology rEPResented as "fail safe," she said meaning it supposedly couldn't break. She said plant operators believed "nothing major had gone wrong so nothing major could go wrong. It was shocking how unprepared they were."
Harry McPherson former special counsel to President Lyndon B. Johnson and a member of the same panel said he expected the next commission to conclude "people were asleep at the switch. That certainly was the theme of much of our report."
Associated Press Crew of the doomed Space Shuttle Challenger in 1986 in Florida.
Mr. Reilly said the BP accident has been characterized by "skimmers that don't work booms that break and dispersants the toxicity of which we argue about after a spill." He said the commission may consider new drilling fees to fund improved response capabilities.
Famed test pilot Chuck Yeager a retired Air Force general who was part of the Challenger panel said he "shuddered" when he learned about the spill.
Gen. Yeager said inadequate supervision of rig workers likely will be deemed a contributing factor. He said it was important to remember the human element even when dealing with sophisticated systems. National Aeronautics and Space Administration officials were frustrated by a six-month delay in the Challenger mission he said and went ahead with a launch that should have been stopped due to cold temperatures.
Recent accounts of the Deepwater Horizon disaster point to BP's frustration at delays completing the well. Two congressmen issued a letter Monday to BP Chief Executive Tony Hayward alleging five shortcuts that prioritized time and money over safety as the drilling rig was 43 days late to its next location at the time of the explosion. BP has said it didn't cut corners on the Deepwater Horizon project.
Bruce Babbitt Interior secretary under President Clinton said the commission must examine drilling practices and rig-worker training. A member of the Three Mile Island commission Mr. Babbitt said the Coast Guard ought to license offshore-drilling crews just as it already licenses deck officers and engineers. He said it didn't license drillers or cementers because "there was no clear appreciation of the quantum increase in risk" that happened when drilling migrated offshore.
引用:Those who served on similar commissions including investigations into the Three Mile Island nuclear-plant accident in 1979 and the Space Shuttle Challenger explosion in 1986 expect to see similarities in the causes of the accident: an over-reliance on complicated technology that fails human error and lax oversight by regulators.事故的相同成因：similarities in the causes of the accident: an over-reliance on complicated technology that fails human error and lax oversight by regulators.
过度地依赖复杂技术，但却失效的技术
人因失误
宽松的监管机构管制
"Nuclear is Unclear " -- A confucian in confusion.
引用:"I hear echoes of the earlier disasters because the technology once again is monumental and complex," said Carolyn Lewis,回音：事故的原因-又是-突破性和综合性的技术
"Nuclear is Unclear " -- A confucian in confusion.
引用:As with the Gulf spill Three Mile Island relied on technology represented as "fail safe," she said meaning it supposedly couldn't break. She said plant operators believed "nothing major had gone wrong so nothing major could go wrong. It was shocking how unprepared they were."与海湾泄油事故相同，三哩岛依赖的技术被声称为”Fail Safe”：不会失效-“couldn't break”：不会破裂
plant operators believed "nothing major had gone wrong so nothing major could go wrong.
核电站运行者确信：“未曾发生过重大事故，因此也不会发生重大事故”
这些声音听起来多么熟悉：如
已经有屏蔽泵在化工和火电项目上成功运行了30年，所以用在核电厂上可以60年不用维修。
"Nuclear is Unclear " -- A confucian in confusion.
引用:Gen. Yeager said inadequate supervision of rig workers likely will be deemed a contributing factor. He said it was important to remember the human element even when dealing with sophisticated systems. 人因非常重要，即使是操纵自动功能非常强大的系统。
事实上-手动比电子控制有时要可靠的多，比如汽车上的后视镜和遮阳板-只要用手轻轻一扳就可以调节到位
"Nuclear is Unclear " -- A confucian in confusion.
引用:Two congressmen issued a letter Monday to BP Chief Executive Tony Hayward alleging five shortcuts that prioritized time and money over safety as the drilling rig was 43 days late to its next location at the time of the explosion. BP has said it didn't cut corners on the Deepwater Horizon project.
任何工程项目将成本和进度优先级考虑置于安全至上，出现重大安全事故的概率必然无限接近于1
Safety is a value cannot be compromised！
"Nuclear is Unclear " -- A confucian in confusion.
发表于 2010-6-17 08:59:23
楼主